Bipolar junction transistors bjt general configuration and definitions the transistor is the main building block element of electronics. Invented by william shockley, john bardeen and walter brattain in 1947, replacing previous vaccuumtube technology won nobel prize for physics in 1956 used for applications such as amplification, switching and digital logic design. This video demonstrates working of a bipolar junction transistor bjt with its practical applications. Downloads electronic systems, lecture 1, lecture notes, kb analog circuits about the course this course is an introduction to amplifiers using transistors students will be introduced to mos transistors, their. Smith department of eecs university of california, berkeley eecs 105 spring 2004, lecture 22 prof. Mod03 lec11 h and r parameters and their use in small amplifiers. Basic coursessem 1 and 2 basic electronics and lab nptel.
Since they can be made with either ptype or ntype semiconductors, complementary pairs of mos transistors can be used to make switching circuits with very low power consumption, in. Transistor switches are common in digital circuits, industrial control. Natarajan, department of physics, iit madras for more courses visit. Many of these, typically one or two per atom in the metal, are free to move about throughout the metal.
The transistors feature structures just 30 nanometers in size and three atomic layers thick. Basic semiconductor physics, diodes, the nonlinear diode model, load line analysis, large signal diode models, offset diode model, transistors, large signal bjt model, load line analysis, small signal model and transistor amplification. Digital applications transistors and transistor circuits. Diodes and transistors university of california, berkeley.
Transistor working, construction, application, types d. Electronics nptel online videos, courses iit video lectures. Transistor biasing common emitter circuits, fixed bias, collector to base bias. P517617 lec 5, p7 transistors transistors are the heart of modern electronics replaced vacuum tubes voltage and current amplifier circuits high frequency switching computers impedance matching low power small size, can pack thousands of transistors in mm2 in this class we will only consider bipolar transistors. Lecture 1 introduction to basic electronics youtube in the analog part diode circuits bjt amplifiers op amp circuits will be covered. Want to automatically turn on a light when it gets dark. This course also deals with the sample preparation. Transistors now that we know about diodes, lets put two of them together, as follows. The middle section base is narrow and one of the other two regions emitter is heavily doped. Introduction to transistors transistors form the basic building blocks of all computer hardware. Its output oscillates continuously between its two unstable states without the aid of external triggering. Transistors electron and current flow when electrons were discovered and were found to flow through a wire, early investigators believed they flowed from a higher potential to a lower one, similar to water flowing down hill. The region that lies between these two is the linear region.
Smaller transistors are faster, and fast transistors are the key building block for fast microprocessors, the brains of computers and countless other smart devices. Transistor clipping circuitworking,circuit diagram,waveforms. Basic electronics tutorial in pdf this wonderful tutorial and its pdf is available free of cost. Astable multivibrator circuit consist of two cross coupled rc amplifiers. Bipolar junction transistor bjt and field effect transistor fet.
Electronic materials, devices, and fabrication by prof s. Electronics nptel online videos, courses iit video. Then you learned how circuit elements do not operate the same at all frequencies. When a transistor is used as a switch it is either fully on or fully off. Introduction so far in ee100 you have seen analog circuits. Transistors are three terminal active devices made from different semiconductor materials that can act as either an insulator or a conductor by the application of a small signal voltage. The invention of transistors revolutionized human civilization like no other technology.
Pdf 111p currently this section contains no detailed description for the page, will update this page soon. Department of electronics and communication engineering. The input base current will have the waveform of input voltage and. In the active region, the value of the resistor r b must be large enough when compared to the input resistance of the transistor. Lecture series on electronics for analog signal processing i by prof. Oct 19, 2009 in the active region, the value of the resistor r b must be large enough when compared to the input resistance of the transistor. Chitralekha mahanta, department of electronics and communication engineering,iit guwahati.
Smith context in fridays lecture, we discussed bjts bipolar junction transistors today we will find large signal models for the bipolar junction transistor, and start exploring. At first glance, this looks like an insulator but the actual behavior is far more interesting, if we apply external voltages properly n n p collector emitter base moderately doped. When an electric field is applied, the electrons move in the direction opposite. Power semiconductor devices, ac to dc converters, dc to dc converters, ac to ac voltage converters and dc to ac converters. Were just going to be looking at just a small sampling of things that can be done with transistors. The time period of each states are determined by resistor capacitor rc time constant. A mosfet is by far the most common transistor in digital circuits, as hundreds of thousands or millions of them may be included in a memory chip or microprocessor. Three common ways a transistor may be configured as an amplified include a commonemitter amplifier, commoncollector or this is often referred to as emitter follower amplifier, and a commonbase amplifier. Learn for free, pay a small fee for exam and get a certificate. Bipolar junction transistors emitter p n collector base pnp transistor emitter n p base npn transistor bipolar.
Bipolar transistors are a three lead device having an emitter, a collector, and a base lead. At first glance, this looks like an insulator but the actual behavior is far more interesting, if we apply external voltages properly n n p collector emitter base moderately doped lightly doped, and very thin heavily doped. Transistors are the active component in various devices like amplifiers and oscillators. Jan 22, 2008 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Principles of modern cdma mimo ofdm wireless communicationscourse sponsored by aricent. The transistors are mainly classified into two types.
Fundamentals of electronic materials and devices video course. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. An astable multivibrator or a free running multivibrator is the multivibrator which has no stable states. Radhakrishna rao, department of electrical engineering,iit madras. You started with simple resistive circuits, then dynamical systems circuits with capacitors and inductors and then opamps. Vlsi technology online course video lectures by iit madras. A very small amount of current flow emitter tobase base. Nptel electronics and communication engineering pdf. Conduction in metals metals are filled with electrons. The base current i b controls the collector current i c regions of bjt operation. Mod01 assignment 6 transistors video lecture by prof s. The properties of transistors will be studied in this module so basically the focus here is understanding how transistors.
December 19, 2016 by oyvind nydal dahl 56 comments. If this load line is drawn only when dc biasing is given to the transistor, but no input signal is applied, then such a load line is called as dc load line. However you can help us serve more readers by making a small contribution. Which are the best nptel lectures regarding electronic. Module 2 lecture 3 biasing the bjt lecture series on basic electronics by dr. Nptel video lectures iit video lectures online nptel youtube lectures free video lectures nptel online courses youtube iit videos nptel courses. These videos are provided by nptel elearning initiative. Gunasekaran,department of electronics design and technology, iisc bangalore. It is a semiconductor device and it comes in two general types. Nptel online videos, courses iit video lectures well organized. The load line is drawn by joining the saturation and cut off points. Theory of transistors and other semiconductor devices 1. Nptel, online courses and certification, learn for free.
Since an integrated circuit is constructed primarily from dozens to even millions of transistors formed from a single, thin silicon crystal, it might be interesting and instructive to. Experiment 6 transistors as amplifiers and switches our final topic of the term is an introduction to the transistor as a discrete circuit element. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. This is the final section of 101 and well be looking at amplifier configurations. If you want to design circuits with transistors, its really worth knowing about this type of transistor. Waveforms for the transistor clipper for ramp input are shown in the figure given below. Astable multivibrator using transistors electrosome. The bipolar junction transistor bjt is an active device. Amplifier configurations transistors and transistor. Sep 01, 2008 lecture series on electronics for analog signal processing i by prof. Diodes and transistors pdf 28p this note covers the following topics. If this load line is drawn only when dc biasing is given to the transistor, but no input signal is. Experiment 6 transistors as amplifiers and switches.
Bipolar transistors transistors xist3 introduction bipolar transistors have the following characteristics. The transistors classification can be understood by observing the below tree diagram. The transistor s ability to change between these two states enables it to have two basic functions. In bipolar junction transistor bjt, both free electrons and holes conduct electric current whereas in field effect transistor fet. Transistor is an three layer pnp or npn semiconductor device with two junctions. May 29, 2016 an article from gatemitra nptel lectures for gate analog circuits the lectures to be referred to this course are analog circuits by prof. Parasuraman,department of metallurgy and material science,iit madras.